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The study addresses a crucial aspect of steel safety: the behavior of X-bracing systems under fire exposure. The innovative approach combines computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of realistic fire scenarios (ISO834 standard fire, wood fire, and plastic fire) with a non-linear thermomechanical model of an industrial warehouse frame.

Findings highlight how brace stiffness affects the ability of the structure to delay local buckling and reduce critical bending moments, providing valuable insights for performance-based fire design. The study also offers practical guidelines for selecting optimal brace cross-sections depending on the type of fire scenario.

This research advances the understanding of fire resilience in steel structures and supports engineers and designers in developing safer, more reliable buildings.

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