The Specialisation School in Sardinian Studies was established by resolution of the Italian Ministry of Education on 1 March 1963. Its establishment completed a process that had formally started at the History and Philosophy Faculty Council of 25 June 1961 when, at the request of Prof. Lilliu, the opportunity to set up a specialisation school involving a research programme on popular traditions and the creation of documentaries, a museum of Sardinian traditions and a demo-anthropological atlas was discussed. Faculty scholars had for some time been contributing with other law colleagues (at that time, Law still included Political Science) to the public and political debate on the condition of Sardinia and on its chances of emerging from the very serious conditions of poverty and degradation which urban and rural areas were suffering from after World War II. The debate gave specific attention to identity and to the need to know and interpret the conditions of Sardinian society and to work alongside the regional government to define programming guidelines. In June of the same year, the Specialisation School’s Regulations were defined, including two years of training in which graduates in philosophy, economics and law could participate. Mandatory disciplines included Sardinian antiquity, history of Sardinia, linguistics, anthropology of Sardinia, ethnography and popular traditions, history of Sardinian art, regional law and social institutions. The fees and some changes to the regulations were defined at the Faculty Council meeting of 28 May 1963. Prof. Lilliu was tasked with drafting the final Statute. Meanwhile, in 1964, the Faculty approved collaboration with the Autonomous Region of Sardinia on the topics referred to in the Statute. In 1965, important anthropologists started to join the Faculty’s teaching staff, starting with Prof. Anna Anfossi who arrived at the University of Cagliari in 1965. The Faculty also encouraged strengthening cooperation and involving historians who would later join the Faculty of Political Science (Sabrina Perra).