THE ULTRALUMINOUS GRB 110918A

Frederiks, DD

;Hurley, K;Svinkin, DS;Pal'shin, VD;Mangano, V;Oates, S;Aptekar, RL;Golenetskii, SV;Mazets, EP;Oleynik, PP;Tsvetkova, A;Ulanov, MV;Kokomov, AA;Cline, TL;Burrows, DN;Krimm, HA;Pagani, C;Sbarufatti, B;Siegel, MH;Mitrofanov, IG;Golovin, D;Litvak, ML;Sanin, AB;Boynton, W;Fellows, C;Harshman, K;Enos, H;Starr, R;von Kienlin, A;Rau, A;Zhang, X;Goldstein, J

2013-01-01

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Abstract

GRB 110918A is the brightest long gamma-ray burst (GRB) detected by Konus-WIND during its almost 19 yr of continuous observations and the most luminous GRB ever observed since the beginning of the cosmological era in 1997. We report on the final Interplanetary Network localization of this event and its detailed multiwavelength study with a number of space-based instruments. The prompt emission is characterized by a typical duration, a moderate peak energy of the time-integrated spectrum, and strong hard-to-soft evolution. The high observed energy fluence yields, at z = 0.984, a huge isotropic-equivalent energy release E-iso = (2.1 +/- 0.1) x 10(54) erg. The record-breaking energy flux observed at the peak of the short, bright, hard initial pulse results in an unprecedented isotropic-equivalent luminosity L-iso = (4.7 +/- 0.2) x 10(54) erg s(-1). A tail of the soft gamma-ray emission was detected with temporal and spectral behavior typical of that predicted by the synchrotron forward-shock model. The Swift/X-Ray Telescope and the Swift/Ultraviolet Optical Telescope observed the bright afterglow from 1.2 to 48 days after the burst and revealed no evidence of a jet break. The post-break scenario for the afterglow is preferred from our analysis, with a hard underlying electron spectrum and interstellar-medium-like circumburst environment implied. We conclude that, among the multiple reasons investigated, the tight collimation of the jet must have been a key ingredient to produce this unusually bright burst. The inferred jet opening angle of 1.degrees 7-3.degrees 4 results in reasonable values of the collimation-corrected radiated energy and the peak luminosity, which, however, are still at the top of their distributions for such tightly collimated events. We estimate a detection horizon for a similar ultraluminous GRB of z similar to 7.5 for Konus-WIND and z similar to 12 for the Swift/Burst Alert Telescope, which stresses the importance of GRBs as probes of the early Universe.