Production, purification and functional properties of bioactive peptides from soybean

Nath A.

Primo

;Koris A.

Secondo

;Zewdie N. E.

Penultimo

;Melesse T. Y.

Ultimo

2016-01-01

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Abstract

The incredible proliferation of biochemical technology brings a revolutionary change in the upstream and downstream processes for synthesis of valuable biomolecules from biological sources. The development of bioprocess also opens up the opportunity to use nutrient rich waste streams for the production of useful biochemicals. As agriculture is one of the main economical sources of tropical and sub-tropical countries, there is a wide scope to synthesis nutraceuticals from agricultural wastes. Soybean meal contains 40-45% (wt/wt) protein, a major byproduct of soybean processing industry is generally used as fish, cattle and poultry feeds. It was already proven that soybean protein has unique functional and biological activities. Therefore without going for low cost uses, synthesis of low molecular weight peptide (protein hydrolyzate) from soybean meal is considered as a challenging step in the field of waste valorization. In the present chapter process-related technological information for synthesis and purification of bioactive peptides from soybean meal and their functional properties are presented in depth. Four different types of soybean proteins, namely glycinin, β-conglycinin, lunasin and lectin were recovered by water and buffer extraction from soybean. Apart from that bioactive peptide from soybean meal was synthesized by microbial fermentation of soybean meal, acid hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis. Upto now more researches were performed with batch bioreactor for soybean peptide hydrolysis. Different types of commercial grade microbial synthesized exo-and endo-peptidase were used for hydrolysis purposes. Microbial fermentation at batch mode was also applied for synthesis of bioactive peptide. Monocultures as well as mixed consortia of Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Saccharomyces sp., Aspergillus sp. and Streptomyces sp. were used for hydrolysis purpose. Size exclusion based membrane separation technology and chromatographic technique for purification of low molecular weight peptide were adopted by some pioneer researchers. Low molecular weight peptides, derived from soybean have unique biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antihypertensive activity, antioxidative activity, hypocholesterolemic activity, antiobesity activity, anticancer activity and antidiabetic activity were also reported at several times. Furthermore, a recent case study for synthesis, purification and functional properties of soybean derived low molecular weight peptide are reported. The researcher adopted an indigenous membrane integrated hybrid bioreactor (a bioreactor associated with a membrane unit externally) for synthesis of bioactive peptide from soybean meal. Wrapping up all the information, it may be concluded that the present chapter will open a new arena in the field of waste valorization and also stand as a ready reference for future research communities.