Gramsci cittadino del Brasile. Vicende, categorie e ragioni di una fortuna scientifica duratura

Giovanni Fresu

2020-01-01

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Abstract

The spread of Gramscian thought in Brazil takes place in stages and in a non-homogeneous way, following dynamics and flows that develop in karstic or magmatic form, depending on the framework of political and intellectual viability, crossing the political, social and cultural history of this country. In a reality historically dominated by processes of modernization from above - with recurrent suspensions of constitutional freedoms and authoritarian coups d’état, some of its categories such as «passive revolution», «hegemony» and «reactionary subversion», have found a surprising analytical application. The reflections contained in The Southern questionand in the Prison notebook on the relations of semi-colonial exploitation between North and South in the history of Italy, those on subordinates and the function of intellectuals in the structures of domination and hegemony, are used to reread the events of its colonial history and to understand the great social and cultural contradictions still present here today. Today’s Brazil constitutes one of the most active and stimulating laboratories in the international panorama of Gramscian studies, from this point of view, it is not a peripheral reality, but one of the most advanced countries. Here the philological attention to the categories and elaborations of the Sardinian intellectual has found a creative translation in the concrete conditions of the national economy and society formation. A development coherent with the great Gramscian theme of translatability and “living philology” in the real field of social and political struggles. With this article, making use of part of the vast bibliography on the subject, we will try to introduce the theme of the diffusion of Gramsci's thought in the Latin American country.