A faint outburst of the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar SAX J1748.9-2021 in NGC 6440

F Pintore;A Sanna;A Riggio;T Di Salvo;S Mereghetti;E Bozzo;C Sánchez-Fernández;L Burderi;R Iaria

2018-01-01

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Abstract

SAX J1748.9-2021 is an accreting X-ray millisecond pulsar observed in outburst five times since its discovery in 1998. In early October 2017, the source started its sixth outburst, which lasted only similar to 13 days, significantly shorter than the typical 30 days duration of the previous outbursts. It reached a 0.3-70 keV unabsorbed peak luminosity of similar to 3 x 10(36) erg s(-1). This is the weakest outburst ever reported for this source to date. We analysed almost simultaneous XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and INTEGRAL observations taken during the decaying phase of its 2017 outburst. We found that the spectral properties of SAX J1748.9-2021 are consistent with an absorbed Comptonization plus a blackbody component. The former, characterized by an electron temperature of similar to 20 keV, a photon index of similar to 1.6-1.7 keV, and seed photon temperature of 0.44 keV, can be associated to a hot corona or the accretion column, while the latter is more likely originating from the neutron star surface (kT(bb) similar to 0.6 keV, R-bb similar to 2.5 km). These findings suggest that SAX J1748.9-2021 was observed in a hard spectral state, as it is typically the case for accreting millisecond pulsars in outburst.