New latent-variable approach to actual-ideal discrepancy theory: Actual and Ideal Appearance, Physical Self-concept, and Global Self-Esteem

SCALAS, LAURA FRANCESCA;MARSH, H. W.

2008-01-01

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Abstract

Actual-ideal discrepancy (AID) theory of self-concept is heuristic, dating back to William James, but has received limited empirical support. We introduce a new latent-variable methodology (structural equation models with multiple indicators on all constructs), testing gender and age invariance (adolescents and young-adults; N=1693). In support of theoretical predictions, we confirmed the joint effect of actual and ideal appearance, we found contributions of actual (positive) and ideal (negative) appearance on Physical Self-Concept and Global Self-Esteem (partly mediated by Physical Self-Concept) that varied slightly with gender. Success of our innovative methodological approach supports AID theoretical predictions, confirming the importance of substantive-methodological synergies.